MENGGUNAKAN SINCE DAN FOR

MENGGUNAKAN SINCE DAN FOR

SINCE (a)     I have been here since eight o’clock. I have been here since Tuesday. (b)     INCORRECT : I am living here since May. (c)     INCORRECT : I live here since May. (d)     INCORRECT : I lived here since May (e)     CORRECT : I have lived here since May CORRECT : I have been here since May MAIN CLAUSE (present perfect) (f)       I have lived here (g)     Al has met many people SINCE CLAUSE (simple past) Since I was a child Since he came here

Since is followed by the mention of a specific point  in time : an hour , a day , a month, a year, etc. Since expresses the idea that an activity began at a specific time in the past and continues to the present. The present perfect also expresses the idea that an activity began in the past and continues to the present. The present perfect is used in sentence with since. In (b) : The present progressive is NOT used In (c) :The simple present is NOT used In (d) : The simple past is NOT used. Since may also introduce  a time clause (i.e., a subject and verb may follow since) Notice in the example : the present perfect is used in the main clause the simple past is used in the “since clause”

FOR (h)     I have been here for ten minutes. I have been here for two hours. I have been here for a long time. (i)       I have lived here for two years . I moved here  two years ago, and I still live here.

For is  followed by the mention of a length of time : two minutes , three hours, four days, five weeks, etc. Note : If the noun ends in –s (hours , days weeks , etc.) use for in the time expression, not since. In (i) : The use of the present perfect in a sentence with for + a length of time means that action began in the past and continues to the present.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

(a)     I have been studying English at this school sine May. (b)     Adam has been sleeping for two hours.	Form of the present perfect progressive :  Have/has + been +ing The present perfect progressive expresses how long an activity has been in progress.
(c)     How long have you been studying English here? (d)     How long has Adam been sleeping?	Question form : Have / has + subject + been + -ing
COMPARE (e) and (f). PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: (e)     I am sitting in class right now.	The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress (is happening) right now.
(f)       I have been sitting in class since 9 o’clock	The present perfect progressive  expresses present perfec the duration (the length of time) an activity is in progress. Time expressions with since and for are used with the present perfect progressive.

IRREGULAR VERBS

SIMPLE FORM	SIMPLE PAST	PAST PARTICIPLE
arise	arose	arisen
be	was, were	been
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bite	bit	bitten
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
Built	built	built
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
dig	dug	dug
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fit	fit	fit
fly	flew	flown
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	gotten (got)
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept
know	knew	known
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
leave	left	Left